cytosolic distribution of glutathione and homeostasis in different cell types Glutathione-responsive nano-vehicles as a promising

Brychta, R

2025: International Alliance of ALS/MND Associations

Three metabolic pathways are known: - Glucuronidation (about 40% of the metabolism of the drug) - Sulfate conjugation (20-40%) - N-hydroxylation and rearrangement, then GSH conjugation (15%): the hepatic cytochrome P450 enzyme metabolizes the drug, forming a metabolite known as NAPQI (N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine) that is irreversibly conjugated with sulphydryl group of glutathione

It indicates that the full function of membrane targeting might require extra amino acids outside the minimal transmembrane domain

Intranasal administration is valued as a non-invasive means of both systemic and local administration with good bioavailability, rapid onset, and targeted effects on the central nervous system [13, 14]