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Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a NanoDrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1546041 Received 16 December 2024 Accepted 13 May 2025 Published 29 May 2025 Volume 16 - 2025 Edited by Massoud Ranjbar, Bu-Ali Sina University, Iran Reviewed by Yuxiang Fei, China Pharmaceutical University, China Liuqing Yang, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Updates Copyright 2025 Ju, Zhao, Li, Zhang, Xiang and Lian

In contrast, permanent ischemia models lack this iron surge and are defined by sustained metabolic failure, thereby placing greater emphasis on the collapse of endogenous antioxidant systems, making strategies that boost the GSH/GPX4 axis more relevant (Zhang J., 2022)

In vitro cytocompatibility assessment and antibacterial effects of quercetin encapsulated alginate/chitosan nanoparticle

It also inhibits antioxidant systems by suppressing the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutaredoxin (Grx), GCL, and other enzymes, resulting in a decrease in GSH concentration [Citation97]