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The mRNA transcript levels of virulence-related genes ( ptfA, toxA and nanB ) were determined at 48 and 96 h post-infection and the expression levels of cytokines-related genes including interleukin-1 ( IL-1 ), IL-10, IL-8, IL-6 , beta-defensin 1 ( DEFB1 ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF- ), toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR-4 ) and TLR-2 were determined at 96 h post-infection

Author contributions ML: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing original draft, Writing review & editing

Access this chapter Subscribe and save Buy Now Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others References Aguiar EV, Santos FG, Centeno ACLS, Capriles VD (2022) Defining amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa flour levels in gluten-free bread: a simultaneous improvement on physical properties, acceptability and nutrient composition through mixture design

Nobody discontinued treatment because of side effects

Activation of mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) promoted 4-HNE detoxification, restored APN signaling and vascular regeneration, and ultimately improved diastolic function in diabetic hearts (Roy et al., 2022)