oxidised and reduced glutathione Pathways Three essential properties of glutathione:

Described as glutathione hydroperoxidases, the plant GPXs are distinguished from animal GPXs in having an active site cysteine in place of selenocysteine (Eshdat et al., 1997), even though both selenocysteine- and cysteine-dependent GPXs are found in unicellular algae such as Chlamydomonas (Dayer et al., 2002

doi: 10.3390/antiox9080686

The inside has to be fixed first, and then the outside gets cleaned up

Ivanov, P.V., Gehring, N.H., Kunz, J.B., Hentze, M.W

Then come the sensitive skin-friendly extras that make a brightening formula feel a lot more wearable: niacinamide to smooth and even tone, glutathione and vitamin E for extra antioxidant backup, and panthenol and allantoin to calm and comfort skin along the way