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17,18,19,20,21 This increase in synaptic glutamate occurs because of decreased tone and function of the extrasynaptic metabotropic glutamate autoreceptors, mGluR2/3, which normally inhibits synaptic glutamate release (this decreased inhibition leads to increased synaptic glutamate) 17,20 and decreased function of glial glutamate transporter-1, which causes reduced glutamate elimination from extracellular space resulting in spillover of synaptic glutamate

Instead, light triggers positive responses

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82,83 Thus, to assess the cytotoxicity of the oligomeric species, the effect of A 142 at different preparations of oligomerization on the viability of d-SH-SY5Y cells was investigated via an MTT assay (Figure 6)

[9] Lipoic acid has two thiol groups that can undergo reversible intramolecular oxidation to form a disulfide bridge (SS), a reaction analogous to that occurring between two cysteine residues (Cys)