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Description
VPA therapy changes the expression of Bcl2 and suppresses the activation of caspase-3, suggesting that VPA may protect neurons from apoptosis (Garay and Loureiro, 2015)

Butyrobetaine is a pro-atherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to TMAO
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Published 2021 Apr 19

37,38 Hypertonicity can lead to a decrease of goblet cells, resulting in insufficient ocular surface mucin secretion and instability of the tear film, leading to the occurrence and development of DED