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The first step is the combination of amino acids glutamate and cysteine by -glutamyl cysteine synthetase, also known as glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), to form gamma-glutamate-cysteine (-Glu-Cys) (Bottino et al., 2021, Lu, 2013, Wu et al., 2004)

Atpenins, potent and specific inhibitors of mitochondrial complex II (succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase)

Lapachol is also thought to be a precursor for other 1,4-NQ, 1,2-NQ (for example, -lapachone) and AQ derivatives (Figure 2) contributing to the resistance of Tabebuia trees to marine borers 88,89 and to their wide range of medicinal properties

Insulin-like growth factor-I and -II levels are associated with the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children

Counteracting action of curcumin on high glucose-induced chemoresistance in hepatic carcinoma cells