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Certain medical conditions and medications increase B12 requirements: Long-term use of metformin (diabetes medication) or proton pump inhibitors (PPIs for acid reflux) can impair B12 absorption [13] [14] Gastrointestinal conditions such as Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, or previous gastric surgery Autoimmune conditions beyond pernicious anaemia may affect B12 metabolism When to contact your GP : If you are taking B12 supplements or receiving injections but continue to experience symptoms, request a review

The Achilles tendons vascular supply is minimal, especially in the watershed zone, which severely limits nutrient delivery during healing

Innovations in topical delivery systems, such as encapsulated niacinamide nanoparticles , aim to enhance penetration for deeper wrinkle reduction and UV damage repair

Cagrilintide is a structurally modified analog of the endogenous hormone amylin designed to improve molecular stability and receptor engagement in experimental systems

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