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What has already been tried, and what happened

Hydroxocobalamin uptake into the cerebrospinal fluid after nasal and intravenous delivery in rats and humans

[cited 2023 Apr 27]

However, studies using small molecule NO donors (N-diazeniumdiolate, S-nitrosothiol, etc) have yet to meet clinical requirements due to the short half-life and initial burst-release profile of NO donors

In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in 2,919 participants (65 years) with elevated blood concentrations of homocysteine, supplementation with vitamin B 12 (500 g/day) and folic acid (400 g/day) for two years did not decrease the risk of osteoporotic fracture despite reductions in homocysteine (120, 121)