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In addition, there are other neuropathological mechanisms induced by L-Glu, including excitotoxicity, in which L-Glu overactivates its receptors, including those for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), kainate acid (KA), and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu), resulting in an excessive influx of calcium ions (Ca 2+ ) into neurons, leading to the generation of reactive radicals and increased levels of proapoptotic proteins [29,30,31,32]

This article compares transient immune-modulating strategies with transformative and potentially therapeutic approaches focused on precise genome editing (CRISPR-Cas9) and stem cell-derived beta cell replacement

Study on chemical constituents of clematis leucoides of Mongolian medicine

doi: 10.1042/BJ20050795

For example, lipid peroxidation is a process where ROS can interact with the lipid's electrons and thus alter its structure and characteristics, leading to important disturbances in the bi-layer lipid membranes of the cell, which can have strong effects on cell homeostasis and signalization, as well as survival