oxidized glutathione chemical structure (GSSG) Glutathione - an overview |

Compared with matched controls, PD patients exhibit reduced levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (GPX)

Deficiency can lead to increased oxidative damage which may compromise gut barrier integrity

The final weeks maintain the tissue signaling environment while injection frequency reduces

doi: 10.1007/s00425-011-1428-6

**Ketamine troches** are easier to use at home and may provide longer-lasting effects per dose, but their lower bioavailability means less of the drug reaches the brain, and current research suggests their antidepressant effect may be milder or less reliable than IV or IM routes[2][5]