l-carnitine contraindications pubmed Beneficial effects of supplementation for weight management in overweight and obese adults: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials L‐carnitine for valproic acid‐induced toxicity

TEWL scores in both groups tended to decrease from baseline

For references and more information , see the section on Vitamin C and Vitamin E in the Pregnancy and Lactation article

Other causes of carnitine deficiency besides mutations in the SLC22A5 gene are classified as secondary carnitine deficiency and include other hereditary metabolic diseases (e.g., fatty acid oxidation defects), medication (valproic acid, cyclosporine, and pivampicillin), malnutrition, hemodialysis and renal tubular dysfunction (Fanconi nephropathy), and prematurity (lower placentary transfer)

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Vegan and vegetarian diets can result in this deficiency