social effects of tobacco consequences 5.7 Family and the home environment The Environmental Impact of Tobacco

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RESEARCH PAPER Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Effect of tobacco and alcohol on cancer location More details Hide details 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kymenlaakso Central Hospital Kotka, Kotka, Finland 3 Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 4 Research Unit of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 5 Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland 6 Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland 7 Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Submission date: 2023-12-07 Final revision date: 2024-05-12 Acceptance date: 2024-05-25 Publication date: 2024-06-18 Corresponding author Riikka Eloranta Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00029 HUS, Finland Tob

1 Introduction Tobacco, as one of the globally significant cash crops, generates substantial biomass residues during cultivation and processing ( Tobacco leaves are known to contain over 4,000 structurally diverse phytochemicals exhibiting significant bioactivity at minimal dosages (Figure 1a) functions as a key aroma-transport mediator, facilitating the transfer of volatile flavor compounds into combustion aerosols ( FIGURE 1 While tobacco provides significant economic benefits, it also poses serious health risks to the public (Supplementary Figure S1)

Adverse events in the three study populations In all three studies, all AEs, their causal relationship (related or possibly related) to use of the study products, and their severity (mild, moderate, or severe) were recorded (Supplementary Tables S3AC)