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But their use has become controversial due to a lack of evidence on their efficacy as anti-smoking aids, warnings about possible long-term health effects and numerous studies showing that teen use is a direct gateway to traditional cigarette smoking

Pipe tobacco includes nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous harmful additives, making it just as dangerous as cigarette smoking despite common misconceptions

Philip Morris disputes that research

*Correspondence: Log Young Kim, [email protected] Disclaimer All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers

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