effects of e cigarettes on oral health Risks Vaping Effects of Smoking & Drinking
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Bhalerao A, Sivandzade F, Archie SR, Cucullo L

Gopal Grandhige, MD, FACS, Board-Certified Surgeon Last Reviewed: April 5, 2026 Smoking significantly worsens acid reflux and GERD by weakening the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), increasing stomach acid production, and impairing the esophaguss ability to clear acid
Violators shall be sentenced to any of the following: (1) up to 75 hours of community service
Arch Intern Med 161 : 546550

Additionally, federal law technically remains violated, and federal agents could theoretically pursue charges, though this rarely occurs for personal amounts