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77, 469, (IARC, 2000)

the conventional cellulose acetate filter (approximately 1014 mm) which constitutes the mouthpiece and at the other end was inserted the tobacco portion of the cigarette (approximately 63 mm)

The researchers note that the rates of symptom resolution were 14% lower (for cough) and 15% lower (for wheeze) among those who switched to dual use and maintained or increased their smoking intensity

"More than two-thirds of smokers want to quit smoking and more than half tried to quit last year," Dr

Other evidence of the possible irritant and inflammatory effect on cells comes from an in vitro study in which the exposure of tracheobronchial cells to electronic cigarette nicotine-free vapours was related to a concomitant increase in interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 cytokine production with a dose-dependent response and direct evidence of endothelial dysfunction.84 The association with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction is most likely mediated via nitric oxide pathways