chewing tobacco vs smoking IS DIPPING A SAFE ALTERNATIVE TO SMOKING? – DipStop Facts About Dipping and Chewing

Liu C, DeGrandpre Y, Porter A, et al

Pack-years, the product of cigarettes per day in increments of packs (one measure of intensity) and duration (years smoked), is a cumulative exposure indicator of smoking burden, routinely used to estimate patients risk of developing smoking-related diseases for clinical practice, research, and healthcare policies

When compared to non-smokers, smokers had levels of total and free testosterone that were 15% and 13% higher, respectively

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Additionally, both current and former smokers were significantly more likely to have positive microbiological tests after 2 months of treatment