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DPP-4 Inhibitors DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin) work on the same incretin axis as GLP-1 RAs
[DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 98.Gerstein H.C., Colhoun H.M., Dagenais G.R., Diaz R., Lakshmanan M., Pais P

Pereira points to the disparities that contaminate the issue, and the irony that those who need these medications the most wont be able to take them

The action on kidneys appears to be directly through the effects also on renin-secreting cells of the juxta-glomerular apparatus, whose stimulation may lead to increased natriuresis and reduce hyperfiltration, and indirectly by the reduction of angiotensin II levels, the increase in nitric oxide with consequently endothelial vasodilation and the improvement of risk factors of kidney disease (hyperglycemia, hypertension, obesity) ( Figure 2 )

Effect sizes on body weight, A1C, and cardiovascular endpoints vary by population, dose, and primary endpoint
