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doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102003

doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.575084 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 148

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Common Side Effects Dry persistent cough Hypotension Dizziness Hyperkalemia Taste disturbance (metallic taste) Serious Adverse Effects Angioedema (life-threatening) Severe hyperkalemia Acute kidney injury Neutropenia (rare) Contraindications Pregnancy (teratogenic) Bilateral renal artery stenosis History of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema Drug Interactions Avoid combination with: Potassium supplements Potassium-sparing diuretics (spironolactone) NSAIDs (reduce effect + kidney risk) Other antihypertensives (risk of hypotension) Monitoring Parameters Blood pressure Serum potassium Serum creatinine Renal function Counseling Points Take 1 hour before meals (better absorption) Do not stop suddenly Report swelling of face/lips immediately Avoid potassium-rich salt substitutes Dry cough is common Clinical Pearls First ACE inhibitor developed Short-acting requires multiple daily dosing If patient develops cough switch to ARB (like Losartan) Useful in diabetic patients for kidney protection Summary Captopril is a short-acting ACE inhibitor effective for hypertension and heart failure but requires careful monitoring due to risks of cough, hyperkalemia, and angioedema