glp-1 brain The gut-brain axis for the actions of glucagon-like peptide-1. After a GLP-1 receptor agonists effect on

Semenkovich K, Brown ME, Svrakic DM, Lustman PJ

The work is supported by the federal governments Defense Advanced Research Project Agency, or DARPA, and the Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, known as BARDA

Consequently, GIP and GLP-1 receptor agonists exhibit complementary and potentially synergistic actions, suggesting that their combined administration may further enhance glucose regulation and support weight reduction.1113,50 This rationale underpins the development of dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists, which have been proposed as super-GLP-1 receptor agonists because of GIPs capacity of GIP to potentiate GLP-1 effects.48,51 Clinical Pharmacology of GLP-1RAs The incretin effect of GLP-1RAs was initially characterized by the observation that oral glucose administration elicits a proportionally greater and more sustained insulin secretion compared to an equivalent intravenous glucose dose.52,53 This incretin effect, which accounts for approximately two-thirds of the total insulin secretion during an oral glucose tolerance test, is diminished in individuals with T2DM

That additional efficacy comes with a modestly higher GI side effect profile overall

It may come from stomach upset or may indicate a more serious condition like gastroenteritis, intestinal obstruction or gallbladder disease