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All these pathways eventually lead to an increase in the intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, thereby promoting the mitochondrial synthesis of ATP, and the release of insulin particles into the blood through exocytosis

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Collectively, this section emphasizes that both membrane-bound and sDPP4 and its inhibition are not only playing an important role in glucose homeostasis but also in several other processes and organs involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM (Figure 2)

Despite having a lower degree of polymerization (DP up to 25), they undergo microbial fermentation, supporting gut balance and SCFA production

Semin Ophthalmol