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Electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception until August 2025 using keywords such as GLP-1 receptor agonist, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, ocular disease, and neuroprotection. The search focused on identifying preclinical studies, large-scale retrospective cohort studies, and post-hoc analyses of major clinical trials that evaluated the utility and potential mechanisms of GLP-1RAs in ophthalmic diseases

Approved 20 years ago as a treatment for diabetes, GLP-1 drugs have been found also to help patients significantly reduce weight

Federal regulators have approved the GLP-1 tablet Foundayo for weight loss

For professionals in pharma, clinical research, and regulatory affairs, this space is evolving fastand full of opportunity

What are glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists?Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, commonly known as GLP-1 drugs, are a class of peptide medications (not dietary supplements) primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity