glp-1 agonist dpp 4 inhibitor receptor agonists or DPP-4 inhibitors: How to guide the clinician? GLP-1 receptor agonist versus DPP-4

GLP-1 is a shortened name for a GLP-1 receptor agonist, or glucagon-like peptide 1 recept agonist

Ethical use of mice for the experiments reported here were also in accordance with an animal use protocol (IACUC #338) that was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of SUNY Upstate Medical University

Conservative measures like exercise, diet and behavioral modifications are some of the initial ways to lose weight

What the clinical trial numbers do not capture is the real-world experience where many patients on various semaglutide doses report sulfur burps that come and go, particularly in the first few weeks and after dose escalations

1).29,32 With respect to the vascular system, rGLP-1 activation induces modest decreases in blood pressure,33,34 it has a vasodilator effect, improves arterial stiffness, and prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation-and has plaque stabilizing effects-through its anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects as demonstrated in animal models.29,32,3538 Despite controversies about rGLP-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, studies have shown that arGLP-1 has antiproliferative effects on these cells,39 reduces oxidative stress, improves endothelial function, and increases nitric oxide production in experimental models.3540 In the heart they produce a discrete increase in heart rate (24 beats/min), although this does not seem to be associated with an increase in arrhythmias or cardiovascular events