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M., Du, Y., Lou, J., Gurbuz, S., & Coskun, T

These molecules influence: GLP-1 and PYY secretion insulin sensitivity mitochondrial energy pathways fat oxidation inflammation modulation appetite and metabolic rhythm Scientific Reference 3: Koh et al., Cell (2016) This high-impact review explains SCFAs mechanistic roles in host physiology: signalling through receptors (e.g., FFAR2/FFAR3), epigenetic modulation, immunegut interactions, and metabolic regulation

Whereas humans typically eat three meals a day, rodents tend to eat the majority of their calories at the onset of, and then several smaller meals throughout, their active period (dark cycle)

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This means they have not been formally assessed for safety, efficacy, or quality by the UK's medicines regulator (6)