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While its generally less common than other GI side effects, constipation may hang around longer and be more disruptive for some

Probiotics may support gut health, though evidence for their efficacy in medication-induced gastrointestinal symptoms remains limited

Furthermore, an increase in the intragastric pH, observed during GLP-1 RAs therapy, may also alter the absorption of medications ( 4.1.4 Mortality and adverse events The available evidence demonstrates that GLP-1 RAs therapy reduces all-cause mortality in T2DM, including patients with chronic kidney disease and increased cardiovascular risk (53)

Substantial weight loss achieved through GLP-1 therapy might therefore improve RA symptoms by reducing this inflammatory burden

Also, GLP-1-treated islets had more normal morphology compared to untreated islets