mechanism of glp-1 receptor agonists Mechanisms Agonist-Induced Weight Loss: A Review of Central and Peripheral Pathways in Appetite and Energy Regulation Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic

DB enhances insulin release through mechanisms involving KATP channels, bitter taste receptor signaling, and intraislet GLP-1 secretion

Another subcutaneous injectable version (WEGOVY) is approved for the same indication of obesity or overweight with at least one weight-related comorbidity, in combination with diet and exercise [31,32,33]

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8, 728-42

Rittig et al

Meta-analyses of berberine trials show modest reductions in hemoglobin A1c (approximately 0.5-0.7%) and fasting glucose, with variable effects on body weight, though many studies have methodological limitations and high heterogeneity