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Since imprinted genes such as IGF2 are bound with histone protein in the sperm nucleus, it has been suggested that spRNAs may have a role in meditating imprinting mechanism or chromatin repackaging following fertilization (Miller et al., 2005)

Specifically, treatment with IGF-1 prevented etoposide-induced podocyte apoptosis, whereas these protective actions were blocked by inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, highlighting the critical role of this signaling pathway as a key downstream mechanism.61 Moreover, in vitro studies have shown that IGF-1 signaling is crucial for mesenchymal stem cell-mediated recovery of renal function and tubular cell structure following cisplatin-induced damage.62 Notably, mesenchymal stem cells over-expressing IGF-1 significantly improved outcomes in a rat model of acute kidney injury, enhancing renal function and preventing apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation.63 Based on the studies mentioned above, treatment with IGF-1 appears to be beneficial for renal function

Disruption of FGF5 in cashmere goats using CRISPR/Cas9 results in more secondary hair follicles and longer fibers

The strongest evidence supports its role in skin repair and wound healing

It helps counteract some of the fatigue or sluggishness that can occur during periods of appetite suppression or rapid weight loss